Philosophical Investigations

New editions of the Commentary on WittgensteinsPhilosophical Investigationsfrom Wiley-Blackwell

Wittgenstein: Understanding and Meaning, Volume 1 of An Analytical Commentary on the Philosophical Investigations Part I: Essays G. P. Baker and P. M. S. Hacker Second, extensively revised edition by P. M. S. Hacker

Wittgenstein: Understanding and Meaning, Volume 1 of An Analytical Commentary on the Philosophical Investigations Part II: Exegesis §§1184 G. P. Baker and P. M. S. Hacker Second, extensively revised edition by P. M. S. Hacker

Wittgenstein: Rules, Grammar and Necessity, Volume 2 of An Analytical Commentary on the Philosophical Investigations Essays and Exegesis of §§185242 G. P. Baker and P. M. S. Hacker Second, extensively revised edition by P. M. S. Hacker

Immediately upon its posthumous publication in 1953, Ludwig WittgensteinsPhilosophical Investigations was hailed as a masterpiece, and the ensuing years have confirmed this initial assessment. Today it is widely acknowledged to be the single most important philosophical work of the twentieth century.

In this definitive new en face German-English edition, Wittgenstein experts Peter Hacker and Joachim Schulte have incorporated significant editorial changes to earlier editions ofPhilosophical Investigationsin order to reflect more closely Wittgensteins original intentions. Notable revisions include the placement of Wittgensteins notes Randbemerkungen into their designated positions in the text, some corrections to the originally published German text, and the numbering of all the remarks in what was called Part 2 and is now namedPhilosophy of Psychology A Fragment. Extensive modifications and corrections have also been made to G. E. M. Anscombes original English translation. Detailed editorial endnotes have been added to illuminate difficult translation decisions and to identify references and allusions in Wittgensteins original text.

Peter Hacker is the author of the four-volumeAnalytical Commentary on the Philosophical Investigations (Blackwell, 1980-96) the first two volumes co-authored with G. P. Baker (Second Editions, 2003, 2009) and ofWittgensteins Place in Twentieth-century Analytic Philosophy (Blackwell, 1996). He has also written extensively on philosophy of mind, includingPhilosophical Foundations of Neuroscience (Blackwell, 2003) andHistory of Cognitive Neuroscience (Wiley-Blackwell, 2008), co-authored with M. R. Bennett, andHuman Nature: The Categorial Framework (Blackwell, 2007), the first volume of a trilogy on human nature.

Joachim Schulte edited the authoritative critical-genetic edition of WittgensteinsPhilosophische Untersuchungen (2001). He is author ofWittgenstein: An Introduction (1989),Chor und Gesetz: Wittgenstein im Kontext (1990),Experience and Expression: Wittgensteins Philosophy of Psychology (1993), and of many dozens of philosophical papers.

Editorial Preface to the Fourth Edition and Modified Translation viii

The Text of thePhilosophische Untersuchungenxviii

Philosophische Untersuchungen

Philosophical Investigations1

Philosophie der Psychologie Ein Fragment

Philosophy of Psychology A Fragment182

Endnotes 244

Register 267

Index 288